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Quartz, which consists of silicon and oxygen chemically bonded to form
a crystal structure, can be cut and fabricated into precise electronic
resonators. Because the atoms are arranged in an orderly crystal
lattice, this quartz, made of the same ingredients as sand, becomes
the heartbeat of sophisticated communications and navigation equipment.
Microwave, satellite, fiber optics, data, voice, video and all other forms
of communication depend on the stability and reliability of quartz
frequency control. The process begins with sawing and dimensioning bars
of quartz.
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